There are literally hundreds of ways teachers can assess learning in the classroom. It can be done, very simply, by a teacher-designed task or a test based on the content taught. It can be done very elaborately through conferencing or portfolio work. Regardless of how you do your assessment, it should inform your teaching and the children's learning.
This continuum, taken from the NCCA explains all the different types of assessment that can be done in the classroom (along with many others) but lots of teachers still struggle to assess, or find themselves doing the same type of assessments over and over. I'm guilty of this myself, but recently, in preparation for this blog post, I have been trying out a few more types of assessment. I found so many ideas on Pinterest, so I will mostly reference them, and I will leave a link to my Pinterest here. You will also find lots of other (mostly) teaching related boards and pins, if you have a look around :)